{"id":1321,"date":"2026-03-15T14:30:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T14:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/?p=1321"},"modified":"2026-03-15T15:22:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T15:22:48","slug":"organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat","title":{"rendered":"MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u09aa\u09a3\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7, <strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong>. \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u2014\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MCAT \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af, <strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b6\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong> \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 MCAT-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0995\u09ae\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc 4% \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 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\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#1_Foundations_of_Organic_Nomenclature_and_IUPAC_Naming\" >\u09e7. \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#The_Five-Step_IUPAC_Naming_Strategy\" >\u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a-\u09aa\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#1_Identify_the_Parent_Carbon_Chain\" >\u09e7. \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#2_Number_the_Carbon_Chain\" >2. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#3_Identify_and_Name_Substituents\" >\u09e9. \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#4_Assign_Numbers_to_Substituents\" >\u09ea. \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#5_Assemble_the_Full_Name\" >\u09eb. \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#2_Hydrocarbons_and_Alcohols\" >2. \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 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class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#3_Carbonyl_Compounds_Aldehydes_and_Ketones\" >3. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09af\u09cc\u0997: \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Aldehydes\" >\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09b8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Ketones\" >\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09b8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Carbonyl-Based_Terminology\" >\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#4_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives\" >\u09ea. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a1\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09b8<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Carboxylic_Acids\" >\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Esters\" >\u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Amides\" >\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09b8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Anhydrides\" >\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#5_Functional_Group_Priority_and_MCAT_Relevance\" >\u09eb. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 MCAT \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Final_Perspective_Why_Nomenclature_Matters_for_the_MCAT\" >\u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a3: MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-foundations-of-organic-nomenclature-and-iupac-naming\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Foundations_of_Organic_Nomenclature_and_IUPAC_Naming\"><\/span>\u09e7. \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0993 \u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (IUPAC) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09cd\u09af: <strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be, \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u2014\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2, \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af, IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u0995\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b2, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-five-step-iupac-naming-strategy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Five-Step_IUPAC_Naming_Strategy\"><\/span>\u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a-\u09aa\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-identify-the-parent-carbon-chain\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Identify_the_Parent_Carbon_Chain\"><\/span>\u09e7. \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09b2 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a4\u09ae \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964. <\/strong>\u098f\u0987 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be<\/th><th>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u09ae\u09c7\u09a5-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>\u09b9\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u09b9\u09c7\u09aa\u09cd\u099f-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cb-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>\u0985-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0-<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-number-the-carbon-chain\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Number_the_Carbon_Chain\"><\/span>2. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u098f\u0995\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af, \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-identify-and-name-substituents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Identify_and_Name_Substituents\"><\/span>\u09e9. \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b8\u09b0\u09b2 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u2013ane \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u2013yl \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8<\/th><th>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09b2, \u09b8\u09c7\u0995-\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2, \u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2, \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf-<\/strong> (\u09a6\u09c1\u0987)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u2013<\/strong> (\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u099f\u09c7\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u2013<\/strong> (\u099a\u09be\u09b0)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-assign-numbers-to-substituents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Assign_Numbers_to_Substituents\"><\/span>\u09ea. \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c1\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09e8,\u09e9-\u09a1\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09c7\u09a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-assemble-the-full-name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Assemble_the_Full_Name\"><\/span>\u09eb. \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 (di-, tri-, tetra-) \u0989\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-hydrocarbons-and-alcohols\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Hydrocarbons_and_Alcohols\"><\/span>2. \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alkanes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alkanes\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09a1 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8-\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>H<\/mi><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><mi>n<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_nH_{2n+2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u09b8\u09bf\u098f\u09a8\u098f\u0987\u099a\u09e8\u098f\u09a8+\u09e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8<\/th><th>\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2084<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u2082\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2086<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2088<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2081\u2080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u2085\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2081\u2082<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09b9\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8<\/td><td>\u09b8\u09bf\u2086\u098f\u0987\u099a\u2081\u2084<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b6\u0987 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u2013<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u2013<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09cb\u2013<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0986\u0987\u0993\u09a1\u09cb\u2013<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alkenes-and-alkynes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alkenes_and_Alkynes\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c3\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8-\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a1\u09be\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u2013\u098f\u09a8<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u2013\u0987\u09a8\u09c7<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>but-2-ene \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e7,\u09e9-\u09ac\u09c1\u099f\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e8-\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09bf\u09a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 MCAT-\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae \u099c\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c1\u0993 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alcohols\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alcohols\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa (\u2013OH) \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2013e-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u2013ol \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><th>\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09b2<\/td><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09e8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09b2<\/td><td>\u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b2\u09b8<\/strong> \u2013 \u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u099c\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b2\u09b8<\/strong> \u2013 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09af\u09cc\u0997 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-carbonyl-compounds-aldehydes-and-ketones\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Carbonyl_Compounds_Aldehydes_and_Ketones\"><\/span>3. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09af\u09cc\u0997: \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4, \u09af\u09be \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09c0 \u09b9\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aldehydes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aldehydes\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u2013e-\u0995\u09c7 \u2013al \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><th>\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b2<\/td><td>\u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b2<\/td><td>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b2<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u0993\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b6\u0987 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ketones\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ketones\"><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u2013one \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09e8-\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e9-\u09ac\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09bf\u09a8-\u09e8-\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09e8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a8 (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7, \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0\u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <em>\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8<\/em>. \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carbonyl-based-terminology\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbonyl-Based_Terminology\"><\/span>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7, \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b6\u0987 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b1 (\u0986\u09b2\u09ab\u09be)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03b2 (\u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09be)<\/strong> - \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03b3 (\u0997\u09be\u09ae\u09be)<\/strong> - \u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u03b1-\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ae\u09cd\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-carboxylic-acids-and-their-derivatives\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives\"><\/span>\u09ea. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a1\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>MCAT \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09cb\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carboxylic-acids\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carboxylic_Acids\"><\/span>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a <strong>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa (C=O)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa (\u2013OH)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u2013e-\u0995\u09c7 \u2013oic \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><th>\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><td>\u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><td>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><td>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 1 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esters\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Esters\"><\/span>\u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa (\u2013OR) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u2013oate \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09b9 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0987\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c1\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3, \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-amides\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amides\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09b8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 -amide \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc <strong>\u09a8\u2013<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u098f\u09a8, \u098f\u09a8-\u09a1\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09cb \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c7\u09aa\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anhydrides\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anhydrides\"><\/span>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u099b\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09af\u09cc\u0997 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0987 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc <em>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-functional-group-priority-and-mcat-relevance\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Functional_Group_Priority_and_MCAT_Relevance\"><\/span>\u09eb. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 MCAT \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7, \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7: \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09af\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u2192 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u2192 \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\/\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u2192 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8-\u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cb\u09b9\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09b9 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0987 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-final-perspective-why-nomenclature-matters-for-the-mcat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Perspective_Why_Nomenclature_Matters_for_the_MCAT\"><\/span>\u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a3: MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MCAT \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af, \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0993\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7, \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09b6\u0987 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09aa\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09bf \u0985\u0982\u09b6 - \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 - \u09a8\u09c7\u09ad\u09bf\u0997\u09c7\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa \u098f\u09ac\u0982 IUPAC \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09a6 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u2026 <a title=\"MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\" aria-label=\"MCAT-\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c1\u09a8\u0964\">\u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c1\u09a8<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[17,18],"class_list":["post-1321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning","tag-mcat","tag-organic-chemistry","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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\/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/bn\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"1pmdaily.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-15T14:30:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-15T15:22:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/chromatograph-_whop2XD0Mk-unsplash.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1279\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rimsha Brown\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rimsha Brown\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta 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