{"id":1321,"date":"2026-03-15T14:30:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T14:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/?p=1321"},"modified":"2026-03-15T15:22:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T15:22:48","slug":"organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat","title":{"rendered":"MCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\u548c IUPAC \u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u59cb\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u6790\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u4ea7\u7269\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u5316\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c, <strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/strong>. \u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5bf9\u5316\u5b66\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3aMCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff0c, <strong>\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u9898\u5e72\u4e2d\u4ee5\u540d\u79f0\u7ed9\u51fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u7b54\u6848\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540d\u79f0\u3002.<\/strong> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u5728MCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u5355\u72ec\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u5927\u7ea64%\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6491\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002 <strong>\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u5f53\u5929\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u548c\u547d\u540d\u7b56\u7565\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#1_Foundations_of_Organic_Nomenclature_and_IUPAC_Naming\" >1. \u6709\u673a\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u548cIUPAC\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#The_Five-Step_IUPAC_Naming_Strategy\" >IUPAC\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u4e94\u6b65\u7b56\u7565<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#1_Identify_the_Parent_Carbon_Chain\" >1. \u786e\u5b9a\u6bcd\u78b3\u94fe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#2_Number_the_Carbon_Chain\" >2. \u5bf9\u78b3\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#3_Identify_and_Name_Substituents\" >3. \u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#4_Assign_Numbers_to_Substituents\" >4. \u7ed9\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7f16\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#5_Assemble_the_Full_Name\" >5. \u7ec4\u6210\u5168\u540d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#2_Hydrocarbons_and_Alcohols\" >2. \u70c3\u7c7b\u548c\u9187\u7c7b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Alkanes\" >\u70f7\u70c3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Alkenes_and_Alkynes\" >\u70ef\u70c3\u548c\u7094\u70c3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Alcohols\" >\u9187\u7c7b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#3_Carbonyl_Compounds_Aldehydes_and_Ketones\" >3. \u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u919b\u548c\u916e<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Aldehydes\" >\u919b\u7c7b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Ketones\" >\u916e\u7c7b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Carbonyl-Based_Terminology\" >\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u672f\u8bed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#4_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives\" >4. \u7fa7\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Carboxylic_Acids\" >\u7fa7\u9178<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Esters\" >\u916f\u7c7b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Amides\" >\u9170\u80fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Anhydrides\" >\u9178\u9150<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#5_Functional_Group_Priority_and_MCAT_Relevance\" >5. \u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548cMCAT\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\/#Final_Perspective_Why_Nomenclature_Matters_for_the_MCAT\" >\u6700\u7ec8\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9MCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-foundations-of-organic-nomenclature-and-iupac-naming\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Foundations_of_Organic_Nomenclature_and_IUPAC_Naming\"><\/span>1. \u6709\u673a\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u548cIUPAC\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08IUPAC\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u8be5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a <strong>\u6bcf\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u660e\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6df7\u4e71\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u836f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6e05\u6670\u6027\uff0cIUPAC \u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u9075\u5faa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6\u3001\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u548c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-five-step-iupac-naming-strategy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Five-Step_IUPAC_Naming_Strategy\"><\/span>IUPAC\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u4e94\u6b65\u7b56\u7565<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-identify-the-parent-carbon-chain\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Identify_the_Parent_Carbon_Chain\"><\/span>1. \u786e\u5b9a\u6bcd\u78b3\u94fe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u627e\u5230\u542b\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u6700\u957f\u8fde\u7eed\u78b3\u94fe\u3002. <\/strong>\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6839\u540d\u79f0\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u591a\u6761\u94fe\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u542b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u6216\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u94fe\u3002\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcd\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u53cc\u952e\u548c\u4e09\u952e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u8bcd\u6839\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u78b3\u94fe\u4e2d\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570<\/th><th>\u6839<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>eth-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u652f\u67f1-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>\u4f46-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u4e94<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u4e03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>\u5341\u6708-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>\u975e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>12\u6708<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u51b3\u5b9a\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-number-the-carbon-chain\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Number_the_Carbon_Chain\"><\/span>2. \u5bf9\u78b3\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6bcd\u94fe\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u53f7\u65b9\u5411\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u603b\u7f16\u53f7\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u72b6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7f16\u53f7\u4ece\u53d6\u4ee3\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u671d\u7740\u4f7f\u7f16\u53f7\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-identify-and-name-substituents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Identify_and_Name_Substituents\"><\/span>3. \u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u6bcd\u94fe\u76f8\u8fde\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6bcd\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u56e2\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u3002\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4ee5\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u5728\u6bcd\u94fe\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u524d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u70c3\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06 -ane \u540e\u7f00\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a -yl\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6bcd\u70f7\u70c3<\/th><th>\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7532\u70f7<\/td><td>\u7532\u57fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e59\u70f7<\/td><td>\u4e59\u57fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e19\u70f7<\/td><td>\u4e19\u57fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e01\u70f7<\/td><td>\u4e01\u57fa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u652f\u94fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f02\u4e19\u57fa\u3001\u4ef2\u4e01\u57fa\u3001\u53d4\u4e01\u57fa\u6216\u65b0\u620a\u57fa\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a\u5176\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8fea-<\/strong> \uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e09\u2013<\/strong> \uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56db\u9762\u4f53<\/strong> \uff08\u56db\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-assign-numbers-to-substituents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Assign_Numbers_to_Substituents\"><\/span>4. \u7ed9\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7f16\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u90fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u53f7\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u524d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2,3-\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u4e01\u70f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-assemble-the-full-name\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Assemble_the_Full_Name\"><\/span>5. \u7ec4\u6210\u5168\u540d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5728\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u524d\u7f00\uff08di-\u3001tri-\u3001tetra-\uff09\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5355\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u7236\u94fe\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u540e\u7f00\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-hydrocarbons-and-alcohols\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Hydrocarbons_and_Alcohols\"><\/span>2. \u70c3\u7c7b\u548c\u9187\u7c7b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70c3\u7c7b\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alkanes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alkanes\"><\/span>\u70f7\u70c3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70f7\u70c3\u662f\u4ec5\u542b\u6709\u5355\u952e\u78b3\u78b3\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>H<\/mi><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><mi>n<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_nH_{2n+2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>Cn\u200bH2n+2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u70f7\u70c3<\/th><th>\u516c\u5f0f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7532\u70f7<\/td><td>CH\u2084<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e59\u70f7<\/td><td>C\u2082H\u2086<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e19\u70f7<\/td><td>C\u2083H\u2088<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e01\u70f7<\/td><td>C\u2084H\u2081\u2080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u620a\u70f7<\/td><td>C\u2085H\u2081\u2082<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5df1\u70f7<\/td><td>C\u2086H\u2081\u2084<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u70f7\u70c3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u524d\u7f00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6c1f-<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6c2f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6eb4-<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7898-<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alkenes-and-alkynes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alkenes_and_Alkynes\"><\/span>\u70ef\u70c3\u548c\u7094\u70c3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u78b3\u591a\u91cd\u952e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u70ef\u70c3\u542b\u6709\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u7f00\u3002 <strong>\u70ef<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7094\u70c3\u542b\u6709\u4e09\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u7f00\u3002 <strong>\u2014\u2014yne<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u91cd\u952e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u53c2\u4e0e\u8be5\u952e\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u7f16\u53f7\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2-\u4e01\u70ef<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1,3-\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2-\u4e01\u7094<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1 MCAT \u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u5f3a\u8c03\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u952e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u7f00\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-alcohols\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alcohols\"><\/span>\u9187\u7c7b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9187\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\uff08-OH\uff09\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4f53\u70f7\u70c3\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c06 -e \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a -ol\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/th><th>\u901a\u7528\u540d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u4e59\u9187<\/td><td>\u4e59\u9187<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2-\u4e19\u9187<\/td><td>\u5f02\u4e19\u9187<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u7f9f\u57fa\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e8c\u9187\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u90bb\u4e8c\u9187<\/strong> \u76f8\u90bb\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5055\u4e8c\u9187<\/strong> \u540c\u4e00\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5055\u4e8c\u9187\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8131\u6c34\u751f\u6210\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9187\u57fa\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u4e09\u952e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f9f\u57fa\u901a\u5e38\u51b3\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-carbonyl-compounds-aldehydes-and-ketones\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Carbonyl_Compounds_Aldehydes_and_Ketones\"><\/span>3. \u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u919b\u548c\u916e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u7fb0\u57fa\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7fb0\u57fa\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u662f\u7531\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u53cc\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u919b\u548c\u916e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-aldehydes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aldehydes\"><\/span>\u919b\u7c7b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u919b\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u78b3\u94fe\u672b\u7aef\u542b\u6709\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u7fb0\u57fa\u4e0e\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u8fde\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u70f7\u70c3\u540e\u7f00 -e \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a -al \u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/th><th>\u901a\u7528\u540d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7532\u919b<\/td><td>\u7532\u919b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e59\u919b<\/td><td>\u4e59\u919b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e19\u919b<\/td><td>\u4e19\u919b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u919b\u662f\u672b\u7aef\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7fb0\u57fa\u78b3\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u78b3 1\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ketones\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ketones\"><\/span>\u916e\u7c7b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u916e\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u8be5\u7fb0\u57fa\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u8fde\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u540e\u7f00 -one\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2-\u620a\u916e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3-\u4e01\u70ef-2-\u916e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2-\u4e19\u916e\uff08\u4e19\u916e\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u919b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u916e\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u7fb0\u57fa\u78b3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u916e\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u7fb0\u57fa\u78b3\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u70f7\u57fa\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u201c\u916e\u201d\u5b57\u3002 <em>\u916e<\/em>. \u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e59\u57fa\u7532\u57fa\u916e\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carbonyl-based-terminology\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbonyl-Based_Terminology\"><\/span>\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u672f\u8bed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u542b\u6709\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6807\u8bb0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b1\uff08\u03b1\uff09<\/strong> \u2013 \u4e0e\u7fb0\u57fa\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03b2\uff08\u8d1d\u5854\uff09<\/strong> \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03b3\uff08\u4f3d\u739b\uff09<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8be5\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba \u03b1-\u6c22\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u9178\u6027\u65f6\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-carboxylic-acids-and-their-derivatives\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives\"><\/span>4. \u7fa7\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728MCAT\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7fa7\u9178\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u901a\u5e38\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-carboxylic-acids\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carboxylic_Acids\"><\/span>\u7fa7\u9178<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7fa7\u9178\u540c\u65f6\u542b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u6210\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a <strong>\u7fb0\u57fa\uff08C=O\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>\u7f9f\u57fa\uff08-OH\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u70f7\u70c3\u540e\u7f00 -e \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a -oic acid\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/th><th>\u901a\u7528\u540d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7532\u9178<\/td><td>\u7532\u9178<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e59\u9178<\/td><td>\u918b\u9178<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e19\u9178<\/td><td>\u4e19\u9178<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7fa7\u57fa\u78b3\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u78b3 1\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esters\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Esters\"><\/span>\u916f\u7c7b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u916f\u662f\u7531\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u88ab\u70f7\u6c27\u57fa\uff08-OR\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u916f\u7c7b\u540d\u79f0\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e0e\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u70f7\u57fa<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6bcd\u4f53\u9178\u540d\u79f0\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u7f00 -oate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e19\u9178\u4e59\u916f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u916f\u7c7b\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u9999\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bc6\u522b\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-amides\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amides\"><\/span>\u9170\u80fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9170\u80fa\u662f\u7531\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u88ab\u6c28\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5-\u9170\u80fa\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a\u3002 <strong>N\u2013<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e19\u9170\u80fa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N,N-\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u4e59\u9170\u80fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9170\u80fa\u952e\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e2d\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u80bd\u952e\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-anhydrides\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anhydrides\"><\/span>\u9178\u9150<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9178\u9150\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa7\u9178\u7ed3\u5408\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u79cd\u9178\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u9178\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u9178\u9150\u201d\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e59\u9178\u9150<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u4e24\u79cd\u9178\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8be5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\u3002 <em>\u9150<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-functional-group-priority-and-mcat-relevance\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Functional_Group_Priority_and_MCAT_Relevance\"><\/span>5. \u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548cMCAT\u76f8\u5173\u6027<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5728\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u51b3\u5b9a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff1a\u78b3\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0eMCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7fa7\u9178 \u2192 \u9178\u9150 \u2192 \u916f \u2192 \u9170\u80fa \u2192 \u919b \u2192 \u916e \u2192 \u9187 \u2192 \u70ef\u70c3\/\u7094\u70c3 \u2192 \u70f7\u70c3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u4ee5\u524d\u7f00\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u540c\u65f6\u542b\u6709\u9187\u548c\u919b\uff0c\u5219\u919b\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c06\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u7f9f\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u919b\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u8bfb\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u540d\u79f0\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-final-perspective-why-nomenclature-matters-for-the-mcat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Perspective_Why_Nomenclature_Matters_for_the_MCAT\"><\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9MCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53c8\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eMCAT\u8003\u751f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8bc6\u522b\u751f\u5316\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u8bfb\u6d89\u53ca\u836f\u7269\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u7269\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u547d\u540d\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u548cIUPAC\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e \u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u59cb\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u4ea7\u7269\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u5316\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5206\u5b50\u2026\u2026 <a title=\"MCAT\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1pmdaily.com\/zh\/organic-chemistry-nomenclature-mcat\" aria-label=\"\u9605\u8bfbMCAT\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\">\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[17,18],"class_list":["post-1321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning","tag-mcat","tag-organic-chemistry","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Organic Chemistry Nomenclature for the MCAT - 1pmdaily.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A clear MCAT review of organic chemistry nomenclature covering IUPAC naming rules, hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbonyls, and carboxylic 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